When2Heat

When2Heat provides synthetic national hourly time series of space- and water-heating demand and the coefficient of performance (COP) of air-, ground-, and groundwater-source heat pumps across 16 European countries for energy system analyses.

Key Features:

• Temporal Resolution: Hourly time series covering the years 2008–2018.
• Geographical Coverage: Synthetic national data for 16 European countries.
• Heat Demand Profiles: Computes space and water heating demand by combining gas standard load profiles with spatial temperature and wind speed reanalysis data and population geodata.
• COP Time Series Calculation: Calculates COP time series for heat pumps with air, ground, and groundwater heat sources and for floor heating, radiators, and water-heating sinks using reanalysis temperature data.

Scientific Applications:

• Energy System Optimization: Allows incorporation of heat pump temporal demand and COP variability into optimization and simulation models.
• Policy Development: Quantifies impacts of increased electric heat pump deployment to inform transition and decarbonization strategies.
• Infrastructure Planning: Provides time-resolved demand and performance data to support electricity system and grid capacity planning for fluctuating heat pump loads.

Methodology:

Combines gas standard load profiles with spatial temperature and wind speed reanalysis data and population geodata to derive heat demand profiles, and uses reanalysis temperature data to calculate COP time series for specified heat source and sink configurations.