FluPhenotype

FluPhenotype characterizes phenotypic features of influenza A viruses from complete or partial genomic or protein sequences to assess host adaptation, antigenic and genetic relationships with vaccine strains across hemagglutinin (HA) subtypes, mammalian virulence, and antiviral resistance.

Key Features:

• Input Requirements: Accepts complete or partial genomic or protein sequences of influenza A viruses.
• Sequence Annotation: Provides gene and protein names and identifies open reading frames (ORFs).
• Host Determination and Adaptation Markers: Identifies potential hosts and highlights human-adaptation-associated amino acid markers.
• Antigenic and Genetic Relationships: Evaluates antigenic and genetic relationships with vaccine strains across different HA subtypes.
• Mammalian Virulence Markers: Identifies virulence-related amino acid markers indicative of potential impact on mammalian hosts.
• Drug Resistance Markers: Detects drug resistance-associated amino acid changes.

Scientific Applications:

• Surveillance and Early Warning: Supports influenza surveillance and early detection of emerging strains with pandemic potential.
• Vaccine Strain Analysis: Informs antigenicity comparisons with vaccine strains across HA subtypes to support vaccine development and efficacy assessment.
• Zoonotic Risk Assessment: Assesses host adaptation and zoonotic transmission risk via human-adaptation-associated amino acid markers.
• Antiviral Resistance and Virulence Monitoring: Monitors drug resistance-associated amino acid changes and mammalian virulence markers to inform therapeutic and public health responses.

Methodology:

From supplied genomic or protein sequences, the tool computes gene and protein annotations and ORFs, detects human-adaptation, mammalian virulence, and drug-resistance amino acid markers, and evaluates antigenic and genetic relationships with vaccine strains across HA subtypes.