PhosphoELM database

PhosphoELM provides a relational database of experimentally verified phosphorylation sites in eukaryotic proteins to support studies of protein phosphorylation and its roles in cellular signaling.

Key Features:

• Extensive data collection: Houses 42,574 non-redundant phosphorylation sites on serine, threonine, and tyrosine residues curated from in vivo and in vitro experiments and phosphoproteomic studies.
• Enhanced data annotation: Annotates phosphosites with structural disorder/order information and residue accessibility.
• Conservation analysis: Provides a conservation score for each phosphosite computed from multiple sequence alignments and a visualization overlay of conservation on those alignments.
• Integration with external resources: Links phosphosites to external databases and protein–protein interaction networks to enable network-level analyses.

Scientific Applications:

• Functional genomics: Interpreting the functional roles of phosphorylation in gene regulation and signal transduction pathways.
• Proteomics research: Identifying phosphorylation sites as potential biomarkers or therapeutic targets in diseases such as cancer.
• Structural biology: Investigating how phosphorylation affects protein structure, stability, and interactions.
• Network analysis: Enabling protein–protein interaction and network analyses of phosphorylation-mediated signaling.

Methodology:

Stores curated phosphosite data in a relational database, computes conservation scores from multiple sequence alignments, and links entries to external databases and interaction networks.